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Understanding OFA results: hips, elbows, eyes, heart

Grades, what they predict, and why both parents matter. A PawTrace guide for Canadian dog owners.

The short answer

The OFA grades hips as Excellent, Good, Fair, Borderline or Dysplastic, and elbows as Normal or Grade I–III. Final hip and elbow ratings need the dog to be at least 24 months old. Eye exams are done yearly by a veterinary ophthalmologist. Heart exams are graded by a vet or cardiologist. Look up results yourself at ofa.org.

Hips

  • Excellent, Good or Fair: passing
  • Borderline: repeat in 6 months
  • Mild, Moderate or Severe dysplasia: failing

Elbows

  • Normal: passing
  • Grade I–III: dysplastic

How to check

  • Search the dog's registered name or number on ofa.org
  • Match the microchip or tattoo on the certificate

Frequently asked questions

What is a preliminary OFA?

An X-ray before 24 months. It's useful, but not final.

Sources

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