The short answer
Puppies are most open to new experiences until about 12–16 weeks. Calm, positive exposure during this window to people, sounds, surfaces, handling and other safe dogs builds a confident adult. Missing it can lead to lasting fear.
Daily goals
- Meet different people (hats, beards, kids, wheelchairs)
- Hear sounds like traffic, vacuums and fireworks at low volume
- Walk on grass, tile, gravel, metal and stairs
- Practise handling of paws, ears and mouth
- Take car rides
Keep it positive
- Short sessions
- Let your puppy approach at their own pace
- Pair new things with treats
Frequently asked questions
Is it safe to socialize before all vaccines?
With care, yes. Avoid places with unknown dogs' waste, and choose clean puppy classes.
Sources
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